Total abdominal hysterectomy ± bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
- Usual anaesthesia
- General or regional (spinal / combined spinal-epidural)
- Position
- Supine or low lithotomy
- Setting
- elective
Operative note template for total abdominal hysterectomy with or without bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, with a filled example for TAH with BSO for a symptomatic fibroid uterus under regional anaesthesia.
Blank template
Follow this order in the case sheet. Tick the options that apply and fill the blanks.
Patient and case
- Name / Age / Sex
- UHID / IP no. / Ward-Bed
- Date of surgery / OT no.
- CaseElectiveEmergency (non-elective)if emergency, state urgency and reason
- Timesin OT ___ anaesthesia start ___ incision ___ closure ___ out of OT ___
Team
- Operating surgeonname, designation
- Assistant(s)
- Supervising consultantpresent in OT / available / not applicable
- Steps done by the residentwhole procedure / named steps, under whose supervision
- Anaesthetist
- Scrub nurse / circulating nurse
Diagnosis and procedure
- Pre-operative diagnosis
- Post-operative diagnosis
- Procedure planned
- Procedure performedif different from plan, state why
- Extra procedure done and reason'none' if none. Only to save life or health if not consented
Consent and safety checks
- Informed consentGeneralProcedure-specificHigh-riskAnaesthesiain a language the patient understands: language ___ witness ___
- Site / side markedYesNot applicable
- WHO Surgical Safety ChecklistSign inTime outSign out
- Antibiotic prophylaxisdrug, dose, route, time given before incision
- VTE prophylaxisMechanicalPharmacologicalNot indicated
Risks to explain in the consent for this operation
- bleeding and blood transfusion
- injury to the ureter
- injury to the bladder
- bowel injury
- wound infection and fever
- pelvic collection or vault infection
- removal of ovaries means immediate menopause (if BSO)
- no periods and no future pregnancy
- vault or wound problems needing repeat surgery
Pre-operative details for this operation
- Indicatione.g. fibroid uterus with heavy menstrual bleeding: size, number, Hb before and after correction
- Cervical screeningPap / VIA result and date
- Endometrial sampling (if abnormal bleeding)result, to rule out hyperplasia or cancer
- Ultrasounduterine size, fibroid map, adnexa
- Ovaries: decision and consentConserve bothBilateral salpingo-oophorectomyBilateral salpingectomy, ovaries conserved
- Pregnancy test (reproductive age)
- Blood grouped and cross-matchedunits reserved
- Bowel preparationNoneGiven: agent
Anaesthesia and position
- AnaesthesiaGeneralSpinalCombined spinal-epiduralEpidural
- PositionSupineLow lithotomy
- Examination under anaesthesiauterine size, mobility, adnexa
- Abdomen and vagina painted, Foley catheter insertedTwo-wayThree-way
Operative findings
- Uterussize in weeks, fibroids (number, site, largest size), adenomyosis
- Right and left ovarysize, cysts, endometriosis
- Right and left tube
- Pouch of Douglas and adhesions
- Upper abdomen (liver, omentum, appendix, bowel)normal / abnormal
- Uretersseen on both sides, and where
Procedure (steps)
- IncisionPfannenstielMidline verticalMaylardCherneylength
- Exploration, bowel packed, retractor placedretractor used
- Uterus held with clamps at the cornua
- Round ligaments clamped, cut and ligatedsuture
- Broad ligament opened, ureter identifiedside, site (pelvic brim / medial leaf)
- Adnexal pedicleInfundibulopelvic ligament clamped, cut, ligated (BSO)Utero-ovarian ligament and tube clamped, cut, ligated (ovaries conserved)suture, double ligation
- Uterovesical fold opened, bladder dissected downat least 1 cm below the cervicovaginal junction; sharp or cautery
- Uterine vessels clamped, cut, ligatedlevel (isthmus), clamp used, suture
- Cardinal and uterosacral ligaments clamped, cut, ligatednumber of bites each side, suture
- Vagina entered and uterus removedClosed technique (clamps below cervix)Open technique (anterior colpotomy)
- Vault angles and cuff closedangle stitches incorporating uterosacral ligaments, then figure-of-eight or running; suture
- Haemostasis, irrigation, ureters checkedcourse and peristalsis; cystoscopy if injury suspected
Closure, drains and dressing
- Packs and retractor removed, omentum placed down
- PeritoneumNot closedClosed
- Rectus sheath / fasciasuture material, size and technique
- Subcutaneous tissueNot suturedSutured
- SkinSubcuticularStaplesInterrupted
- DrainNonePelvicSubcutaneous
- Urine in catheterclear / haematuria
Specimens and implants
- Uterus with cervixweight, cut section appearance, sent for HPE
- Tubes and ovariesAttached to uterusSent separately (labelled right / left)Conserved
End of procedure
- Estimated blood lossml
- IV fluids and blood / products givenfluids (ml); blood: type, units, bag nos.
- Swab, needle and instrument countCorrectIncorrect: action taken
- Intra-operative complications / difficultieswhat happened and what was done; 'none' if none
- Implant stickersNo implantAffixed in case sheet, OT register and for discharge summary
- Condition at end of surgery / shifted toPACUWardICU/HDU
Post-operative orders
- Vitals and drain / vaginal bleedingfrequency
- Urine outputhourly for the first few hours; report haematuria or low output
- Catheter removalPOD 1 unless bladder or ureter repaired
- IV fluidstype and rate
- Dietadvance as tolerated
- Analgesiadrug, dose, frequency
- Mobilisation and thromboprophylaxis
- HbPOD 1
- Discharge criteriaafebrile, normal diet, bowel and bladder working, wound healing
- Sexual intercourseavoid for 6 to 8 weeks; vault checked at follow-up
- HPE follow-update to see report
Signature
- Name and designation of person writing note
- Medical Council registration no.
- Signature / date / time of writingwrite before the patient leaves recovery
Worked example
Fictional case: Mrs. L.M., 50 years, P2L2, heavy menstrual bleeding for 1 year from a 16-week fibroid uterus, Hb 11.2 g/dl after oral iron, endometrial biopsy proliferative endometrium, Pap negative. Counselled; chose removal of both ovaries.
Case details
Date: 22/06/2026. Elective TAH with BSO. OT 3.
In OT 09:00. Anaesthesia 09:10. Incision 09:35. Closure completed 11:15.
Surgeon: Dr C. (consultant). First assistant: Dr A. (3rd-year resident, performed opening, round ligaments and closure under supervision). Second assistant: Dr B.
Anaesthetist: Dr D. Scrub nurse: Sr E.
Indication and pre-op
Indication: symptomatic fibroid uterus, 16 weeks size, not responding to medical treatment. USG: multiple intramural fibroids, largest 7 x 6 cm fundal. Both ovaries normal on USG.
Endometrial biopsy 20/05/2026: proliferative endometrium. Pap smear 20/05/2026: negative for intraepithelial lesion.
Blood group A positive, 2 units cross-matched.
Consent: general, procedure-specific (including removal of both ovaries and surgical menopause) and anaesthesia consent taken in Hindi.
WHO checklist done. Inj cefazolin 2 g IV at 09:15.
Anaesthesia and position
Combined spinal-epidural. Supine. Examination under anaesthesia: uterus 16 weeks size, irregular, mobile, fornices free.
Abdomen and vagina painted with povidone-iodine and draped. Foley catheter inserted, urine clear.
Findings
Uterus 16 weeks size with 4 intramural fibroids, largest 7 cm fundal. Both tubes and ovaries normal. Pouch of Douglas free. No adhesions. Liver, omentum and appendix normal on palpation.
Procedure
Pfannenstiel incision 14 cm. Sheath cut transversely, recti separated, peritoneum opened. Bowel packed with moist mops, self-retaining retractor placed.
Uterus held with Kocher clamps at both cornua. Round ligaments clamped, cut and transfixed with 1-0 delayed absorbable suture.
Anterior leaf of broad ligament opened towards the uterovesical fold. Posterior leaf opened. Right and left ureters seen on the medial leaf of the broad ligament, below the pelvic brim.
Window made in the peritoneum between ureter and infundibulopelvic ligament on each side. IP ligaments doubly clamped, cut and tied with polyglactin 910 (Vicryl) 0.
Uterovesical fold incised. Bladder dissected down sharply to 1 cm below the cervicovaginal junction.
Uterine vessels clamped at the level of the internal os with Heaney clamps on both sides, cut and ligated with 1-0 delayed absorbable suture.
Cardinal ligaments taken in 2 bites each side close to the cervix, cut and ligated with 1-0 delayed absorbable suture.
Vagina clamped below the cervix with curved Heaney clamps from both sides (closed technique). Uterus with cervix, tubes and ovaries removed in one piece.
Vault angles secured with Heaney transfixion stitches including the uterosacral ligaments. Cuff closed with figure-of-eight stitches of 1-0 delayed absorbable suture.
Pelvis irrigated. All pedicles dry. Both ureters seen peristalsing, away from the pedicles.
Closure
Mops and retractor removed. Omentum placed over bowel. Peritoneum not closed.
Rectus sheath closed with continuous polyglactin 910 (Vicryl) No. 1. Subcutaneous tissue not sutured. Skin closed with subcuticular poliglecaprone 25 (Monocryl). No drain.
Urine clear, 150 ml.
Specimens and implants
Uterus with cervix and both tubes and ovaries, weight 620 g. Cut section: whorled fibroids, no necrosis. Sent for HPE in formalin with requisition.
End of procedure
Estimated blood loss 400 ml. No transfusion.
Mop, needle and instrument count correct.
No intra-operative complications.
Shifted to recovery, pulse 86/min, BP 124/78 mmHg, epidural catheter in situ for analgesia.
Post-op orders
Pulse, BP, urine output every 30 min for 2 hours, then hourly for 6 hours.
IV RL and NS as per chart. Sips after 6 hours, then liquids.
Epidural analgesia as per anaesthetist.
Foley catheter to be removed on POD 1.
Early mobilisation, calf exercises, stockings.
Hb on POD 1. HPE report at follow-up. No intercourse for 6 weeks; vault to be checked at follow-up.
Signature
Dr A., JR-3, OBGY, for Dr C. Reg. no. ________. 22/06/2026, 11:35.
Must document for this operation
- Both ureters identified, where, and checked again at the end. Ureteric injury is the main medicolegal risk of hysterectomy, and this line shows the step was done.
- What was done with the ovaries and tubes, and that it matched the consent. Removing or keeping ovaries changes menopause status and future cancer risk; any mismatch with consent is a legal problem.
- Level of bladder dissection and any bladder injury or repair. Bladder injury changes the catheter plan and is a cause of vesicovaginal fistula later.
- Findings in the adnexa and upper abdomen. An unexpected ovarian or peritoneal lesion must be recorded so that the HPE and follow-up plan can be made.
- Specimen weight and appearance, and that it went for HPE. HPE can show an unexpected hyperplasia or cancer, and the specimen record lets the report be traced to this operation.
- Who did which part of the operation. Teaching-hospital notes should show the resident's role for audit and supervision records.
- Vault closure method and suture. Needed if she returns with vault bleeding, infection or dehiscence.
Common mistakes in these notes
- Writing 'TAH done' without stating what was done with the ovaries.
- Not writing that the ureters were seen.
- Leaving out the pre-op Pap and endometrial sampling results.
- No specimen weight or cut-section description.
- Writing EBL as 'minimal' for an abdominal hysterectomy.
- Not recording the catheter plan when the bladder was difficult to dissect.
Indian practice and paperwork
- Under AB PM-JAY, all obstetrics and gynaecology packages need pre-authorisation. Hysterectomy packages are recommended to be reserved for public hospitals and are open to private hospitals only on referral by government doctors, so the referral and pre-authorisation must be in the file. (NHA, National Health Benefit Package 2.2 User Guidelines (Nov 2021), section 3.13 and FAQ 36: https://hem.nha.gov.in/HBP.pdf)
Sources
- Te Linde's Operative Gynecology. 13th ed. Wolters Kluwer; 2024, Ch 23, Abdominal hysterectomy; Ch 8, Incisions for gynecologic surgery (Pfannenstiel closure); Ch 2 (antibiotic prophylaxis), e-book PDF pp. 1220-1250; 449; 162-165.
- Te Linde's Atlas of Gynecologic Surgery. Wolters Kluwer; 2014, Ch 2, Total abdominal hysterectomy (Bristow RE), including example operative note, pp. 15-24.
- Te Linde 13e Ch 2, PDF p. 162-165: cefazolin 1 or 2 g IV (2 g standard; 3 g if over 120 kg) within 60 minutes before surgery; redose after 4 h or blood loss over 1500 ml (citing Bratzler 2013).
- Te Linde Atlas 2014, Ch 2, printed p. 24: catheter removed on POD 1 unless bladder or ureteric repair; intercourse restricted 6 to 8 weeks.
- National Health Authority. National Health Benefit Package 2.2 User Guidelines. November 2021. hem.nha.gov.in/HBP.pdf
Educational template for residents. Adapt it to your institution's case-sheet format and your consultant's instructions. Patient details in the example are fictional.
Videos of this operation
Teaching videos and pages for this operation, listed under the curriculum item that asks for it.