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Diseases of the Auricle, External Auditory Canal, and Tympanic Membrane
Built from Haynes-Glasscock-Shambaugh Surgery of the Ear, Seventh Edition
What’s inside
7 sections · 166 slides
Overview
- Scope of this topic
Development of the outer ear
- Embryology of the auricle
- Hillock contributions by arch
- Timeline of auricular growth
- Formation of the external auditory canal
- Germ layer contributions to the outer ear
Applied anatomy
- Auricular framework
- Auricular musculature
- Sensory innervation of the auricle
- Blood supply and venous drainage of the auricle
- Lymphatic drainage of the external ear
- Dimensions and shape of the external auditory canal
- Cartilaginous versus osseous canal
- Dehiscences of the canal wall
- Sensory innervation of the external auditory canal
- Blood supply of the external auditory canal
- Composition and function of cerumen
- Structure of the tympanic membrane
- Pars tensa and pars flaccida
- Notch of Rivinus and Prussak's space
- Innervation of the tympanic membrane
- Blood supply of the tympanic membrane
Diseases of the auricle
- Why the auricle is vulnerable to frostbite
- Pathophysiology of frostbite injury
- Clinical appearance of frostbite
- Management of auricular frostbite
- Mechanism of auricular hematoma
- Drainage of an auricular hematoma
- Compression and follow-up after drainage
- Consequences of an untreated hematoma
- Perichondritis of the auricle
- Treatment of perichondritis
- Sebaceous cyst of the ear
- Preauricular pits and sinuses
- Management of an infected preauricular sinus
- Preauricular skin tags and branchial cleft anomalies
- Work classification of first branchial cleft anomalies
- Hearing loss and syndromic associations
- Assessment of the child with an auricular anomaly
- Resection of a preauricular pit: operative steps
- Pitfalls in preauricular sinus surgery
- Keloid of the auricle
- Treatment of auricular keloid
- Auricular tophi in gout
- Chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helicis
- Treatment of chondrodermatitis nodularis
- Neoplasms of the external ear
- Local spread of auricular skin cancer
- Management of auricular skin malignancy
- Congenital deformities of the pinna
- Timing of surgical correction
- Tolleth guidelines for auricular position
- Goals and planning of otoplasty
- Procedural steps for otoplasty
- Otoplasty: exposure and elevation
- Placing the Mustarde sutures
- Conchal setback and upper pole correction
- Dressing and postoperative care after otoplasty
- Pitfalls and complications of otoplasty
Diseases of the external auditory canal
- Exostoses and osteoma compared
- Presentation of exostoses and osteoma
- Cold water exposure and exostosis formation
- Indications for surgery on canal bony lesions
- Exostosis removal: exposure
- Exostosis removal: drilling the canal
- Exostosis removal: completing the canalplasty
- Aftercare and complications of canalplasty for exostoses
- Keratosis obturans
- Canal changes in keratosis obturans
- Treatment of keratosis obturans
- External auditory canal cholesteatoma
- Keratosis obturans versus canal cholesteatoma
- Management of canal cholesteatoma
- Foreign body of the ear canal
- When to remove a foreign body under anaesthesia
- Furuncle of the external canal
- Aural polyp
- Differential diagnosis of an aural polyp
- Management of an aural polyp
- Dermatologic disease of the external canal
- Acute and chronic appearances of canal dermatitis
- Local and systemic causes of canal dermatitis
- Complications of topical corticosteroids
- Potency of commonly used topical steroids
- Surgical disease within canal dermatology
- Protective role of cerumen against infection
- Acute diffuse otitis externa
- Otomycosis
- Treatment of acute otitis externa
- Adjuncts and antifungal therapy
- Prevention of recurrent otitis externa
- Ototoxicity risk with ototopical therapy
Skull base osteomyelitis
- Malignant otitis externa: terminology and pathogenesis
- Route of spread in skull base osteomyelitis
- Cranial nerve involvement
- Why diabetes predisposes
- Clinical features and laboratory findings
- Central skull base osteomyelitis on contrast-enhanced MRI
- Imaging and nuclear medicine
- PET in monitoring skull base osteomyelitis
- Antimicrobial treatment of skull base osteomyelitis
- Antifungal therapy and role of surgery
- Acquired stenosis and atresia of the canal
- Examination findings in medial canal fibrosis
- Chronic otitis externa as the usual cause
- Medical management of chronic otitis externa
- Indications for canalplasty in acquired stenosis
- Surgical treatment of acquired external canal stenosis
- Canalplasty for stenosis: exposure
- Canalplasty for stenosis: clearing the scar
- Excision of stenotic scar and grafting of the canal
- Reconstruction of the canal
- Packing and aftercare
- Pitfalls and complications of stenosis surgery
- Benign osteonecrosis of the external auditory canal
- Radiation and bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis
- Management of canal osteonecrosis
- Malignancies of the external auditory canal
- Squamous cell carcinoma of the external auditory canal
- Presentation and treatment of canal malignancy
- Vascular lesion of the right external auditory canal
Diseases of the tympanic membrane
- Bullous myringitis
- Aetiology of bullous myringitis
- Treatment of bullous myringitis
- Granular myringitis
- Granular myringitis of the tympanic membrane
- Pathogenesis of granular myringitis
- Medical management of granular myringitis
- Laser and surgical options in granular myringitis
- Causes of traumatic tympanic membrane perforation
- Spontaneous healing of a perforation
- Assessment after traumatic perforation
- Management of traumatic perforation
- Tympanosclerosis and myringosclerosis
- Tympanosclerosis of a left tympanic membrane
- Ventilation tubes and tympanosclerosis
- Retraction of the tympanic membrane
- Sade grading of tympanic membrane retraction
- Atelectasis and retraction of the tympanic membrane
- Pathogenesis of atelectasis and retraction
- Red flags in a retraction pocket
- Conservative management of retraction pockets
- Surgical options for retraction pockets
- Conclusions
- Principles of surgery in this region
- References
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- Haynes-Glasscock-Shambaugh Surgery of the Ear, Seventh Edition
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