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Ophthalmology
Restrictive Strabismus
Built from Strabismus Simplified, Second Edition
What’s inside
9 sections · 86 slides
Overview
- Definition of restrictive strabismus
- Scope of the topic
- Classification of restrictive strabismus by cause
- Congenital causes of restrictive strabismus
- Acquired causes of restrictive strabismus
Duane's Retraction Syndrome
- Nomenclature and defining features of Duane's retraction syndrome
- Left Duane's retraction syndrome in nine gaze positions
- Right Duane's retraction syndrome with slight exotropia
- Pathology of paradoxic innervation
- Pathomechanism of retraction and upshoot in type I
- Mechanism of globe retraction and vertical shoot in Duane's syndrome
- Huber's electromyographic subtypes
- Innervation pattern and clinical presentation in the three Duane subtypes
- Duane's syndrome type II
- Innervation pattern and gaze findings in exotropic type II disease
- Duane's syndrome type III
- Clinical labelling by primary position deviation
- Variants of the classical presentation
- Diagnostic principles
- Bilateral esotropic Duane's retraction syndrome
- Differential diagnosis of Duane's retraction syndrome
- Embryological basis of associated anomalies
- Syndromes associated with Duane's retraction syndrome
- Bilateral orthotropic Duane's syndrome with an abnormal pinna
- Other reported ocular and systemic associations
- Considerations before surgery in Duane's syndrome
- Indications for surgery and for observation
- Choice of procedure by clinical pattern
- Resection of the horizontal recti in the involved eye
- Procedures for upshoot, downshoot and abduction deficit
- Exotropic Duane's syndrome before and after lateral rectus periosteal fixation
- Esotropic Duane's syndrome before and after differential horizontal recession
Brown's Superior Oblique Sheath Syndrome
- Defining features of Brown's syndrome
- Additional clinical features of Brown's syndrome
- Chin-up head posture and limited elevation in adduction
- Eustis, O'Reilly and Crawford grading of Brown's syndrome
- Brown-plus and acquired forms
- Differential diagnosis of Brown's syndrome
- Management of Brown's syndrome
- Superior oblique lengthening by silicone expander before and after surgery
Strabismus Fixus and Congenital Fibrosis
- Strabismus fixus convergens
- Bilateral strabismus fixus convergens
- Surgical management of strabismus fixus
- Nasal displacement of superior rectus and inferior displacement of lateral rectus on imaging
- Congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles
- Ocular motility findings in CFEOM
- Ptosis with chin elevation and downward-fixed eyes
- Associations of CFEOM
- Management of CFEOM
- Bilateral inferior rectus recession with crutch glasses before and after treatment
Adherence Syndromes
- Adherence syndromes after trauma and detachment surgery
- Management of adherence syndromes
Dysthyroid Orbitomyopathy
- Terminology of dysthyroid eye disease
- Clinical features of dysthyroid orbitomyopathy
- Lid retraction, proptosis and restricted elevation in dysthyroid myopathy
- Thyroid function and disease activity
- Imaging in dysthyroid orbitomyopathy
- Fusiform enlargement of the extraocular muscles on imaging
- Pathogenesis of dysthyroid orbitomyopathy
- Immunological detail of the autoimmune process
- Medical management of dysthyroid orbitomyopathy
- Surgical management of dysthyroid orbitomyopathy
Orbital Myositis and Parasitic Cysts
- Clinical presentation of orbital myositis
- Investigation and treatment of orbital myositis
Orbital Fractures
- Presentation of orbital blow-out fractures
- Anatomy and clinical features of a typical blow-out fracture
- Imaging of orbital blow-out fractures
- Medial and inferior wall blow-out fracture on clinical examination and imaging
- Indications for surgery after blow-out fracture
- Serial binocular fields of fixation in right elevation deficiency
- Surgical repair after blow-out fracture
Summary and References
- The restrictive strabismus group at a glance
- Key surgical principles across the topic
- Common diagnostic pitfalls
- Suggested reading
- Suggested reading (continued)
- Suggested reading (continued)
- Strabismus Simplified