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General Surgery

Small Intestine

Built from Skandalakis' Surgical Anatomy: The Embryologic and Anatomic Basis of Modern Surgery

What’s inside

14 sections · 197 slides

  1. 01

    Overview

    • Scope of this topic

    1 slide

  2. 02

    Anatomic and surgical history

    • Reading the historical record
    • Anatomic and Surgical History of the Small Intestine
    • Anatomic and Surgical History of the Small Intestine (continued)
    • Anatomic and Surgical History of the Small Intestine (continued)
    • Anatomic and Surgical History of the Small Intestine (continued)
    • Anatomic and Surgical History of the Small Intestine (continued)
    • Anatomic and Surgical History of the Small Intestine (continued)
    • Anatomic and Surgical History of the Small Intestine (continued)
    • Anatomic and Surgical History of the Small Intestine (continued)
    • Anatomic and Surgical History of the Small Intestine (continued)
    • Anatomic and Surgical History of the Small Intestine (continued)
    • Anatomic and Surgical History of the Small Intestine (continued)
    • Anatomic and Surgical History of the Small Intestine (continued)
    • Anatomic and Surgical History of the Small Intestine (continued)
    • Anatomic and Surgical History of the Small Intestine (continued)
    • Anatomic and Surgical History of the Small Intestine (continued)
    • Anatomic and Surgical History of the Small Intestine (continued)
    • Anatomic and Surgical History of the Small Intestine (continued)
    • Anatomic and Surgical History of the Small Intestine (continued)
    • Anatomic and Surgical History of the Small Intestine (continued)
    • Anatomic and Surgical History of the Small Intestine (continued)
    • Anatomic and Surgical History of the Small Intestine (continued)
    • Anatomic and Surgical History of the Small Intestine (continued)

    23 slides

  3. 03

    Embryogenesis

    • Embryologic origin of the three parts
    • Retroperitoneal position of the duodenum
    • Elongation and herniation of the midgut
    • Physiological herniation of the midgut
    • Stages of midgut development
    • Return of the intestines to the abdomen
    • Adult position of the intestines
    • Rotation and the duodenal-SMA relationship
    • Rotation of the pancreas and duodenum
    • Fascia of Treitz and the Kocher manoeuvre
    • Recanalisation of the duodenal lumen
    • Maturation of mucosa, muscle and nerve
    • Incomplete intestinal rotation

    13 slides

  4. 04

    Congenital anomalies

    • Duodenal stenosis
    • Types of intestinal atresia
    • Classification of intestinal atresia
    • Duodenal anomalies in the adult
    • Morbidity and mortality in intestinal atresia
    • Duodenal diverticula
    • Jejunoileal atresia: features and repair
    • Formation of dorsal enteric duplications
    • Intestinal duplications
    • Surgical options for intestinal duplication
    • Management of intestinal duplications
    • Origin of Meckel's diverticulum

    12 slides

  5. 05

    Surgical anatomy of the duodenum

    • First part of the duodenum
    • Second part of the duodenum
    • Third part of the duodenum
    • Fourth part of the duodenum
    • Relationships of the duodenum and pancreas
    • The Vaterian system and the ampulla
    • Mucosal landmarks of the major papilla
    • The major duodenal papilla
    • Duct relations at the duodenal papilla
    • The four components of the sphincter of Boyden
    • Sphincter of Boyden and the Oddi misnomer
    • The minor duodenal papilla
    • Arterial supply of the duodenum
    • Major arterial supply to the duodenum
    • Anterior arterial supply of duodenum and pancreas
    • Posterior arterial supply of duodenum and pancreas
    • Vessels of the anterior aspect of the duodenal bulb
    • Vessels of the posterior aspect of the duodenal bulb
    • Blood currents of the duodenal bulb
    • Venous drainage of the duodenum
    • Venous drainage of duodenum and pancreas
    • Formation of the hepatic portal vein
    • Lymphatic drainage of the duodenum
    • Innervation of the duodenum

    24 slides

  6. 06

    Surgical anatomy of the jejunum and ileum

    • Functional share of the jejunoileum
    • Peritoneal fossae and referred pain
    • Measured length of the small intestine
    • Residual bowel and outcome after resection
    • Factors Influencing Decision to Restore Intestinal Continuity
    • Resection margins in the jejunoileum
    • Distinguishing jejunum from ileum
    • Some Differences between Jejunum and Ileum
    • Branching pattern of the superior mesenteric artery
    • Arterial arcades of the jejunum and ileum
    • Patterns of the vasa recta
    • Absence of collateral circulation beyond the arcades
    • Vascular cast of the jejunal wall
    • Intramural vessels, veins and lymphatics
    • Dimensions of the mesentery
    • Breadth of the small bowel mesentery
    • Mesenteric root and elongation for an ileal pouch
    • Ileocaecal vascular anatomy for pouch construction
    • Terminal loop after section
    • Elongation by section of the ileocolic artery
    • Elongation by section between vascular arches
    • Anatomy of the ileocaecal valve
    • Living and cadaveric appearance of the ileocaecal valve
    • Terminal ileum and appendiceal abscess

    24 slides

  7. 07

    Meckel's diverticulum

    • Surgical anatomy of Meckel's diverticulum
    • Location and frequency along the ileum
    • Limits and mucosa of vitelline duct remnants
    • Types of Meckel's diverticulum
    • Incidence of Meckel's diverticulum
    • Age and sex distribution of Meckel's diverticulum
    • Pattern of Meckel's diverticulum disease
    • Bleeding from ectopic gastric mucosa
    • Obstruction and intussusception
    • Inflammation, neoplasms and umbilical presentations
    • Management of the incidental Meckel's diverticulum

    11 slides

  8. 08

    Histology and physiology

    • Layers of the duodenal wall
    • Duodenal mucosal cells and Brunner's glands
    • Gastroduodenal junction and duodenal fixation
    • Variations of the suspensory ligament of Treitz
    • Bare areas of the duodenum
    • Duodenal control of gastric emptying
    • Section through the wall of the small intestine
    • Submucosa and the suture-holding layer
    • Layers of the jejunal and ileal wall
    • Absorption, turnover and the rarity of neoplasia

    10 slides

  9. 09

    Neoplasms of the small intestine

    • Overview of small bowel tumours
    • Pathology of Primary Small Bowel Tumors by Cell of Origin
    • Pathology of Primary Small Bowel Tumors by Cell of Origin (continued)
    • Distribution of Malignant Tumors of the Small Bowel by Site in 27 Series
    • Distribution of Benign Tumors of the Small Bowel by Site in 13 Series
    • Distribution of leiomyomas along the small intestine
    • Distribution of leiomyosarcomas along the small intestine
    • Operating under diagnostic uncertainty
    • Aggressive surgery in midgut carcinoid syndrome
    • Treatment programme in midgut carcinoid syndrome
    • Outcomes of 64 patients with midgut carcinoid syndrome

    11 slides

  10. 10

    Surgical applications to the duodenum

    • Operating on the first and second parts
    • Operating on the third and fourth parts
    • Bleeding duodenal ulcer

    3 slides

  11. 11

    Vascular compression of the duodenum

    • Anatomy of vascular compression
    • Sagittal relations of the third part of the duodenum
    • Anterior view of the duodenum and superior mesenteric artery
    • Anatomic variations: level of duodenal crossing
    • Anatomic variations: ligament of Treitz and SMA origin
    • Aortomesenteric Angles
    • Symptoms and treatment of vascular compression
    • Effect of dividing the suspensory ligament
    • Interpreting vascular compression clinically
    • Exposures of the duodenum

    10 slides

  12. 12

    Jejunum and ileum: operative problems

    • Diagnostic approach to the jejunum and ileum
    • Anatomy of intussusception
    • Anatomy of an intestinal intussusception
    • Causes of intussusception in children
    • Location and extent of intussusception in children
    • Identifiable causes of intussusception
    • Predisposing Factors to the Development of Intussusception
    • Predisposing Factors to the Development of Intussusception (continued)
    • The two-thirds rule in adult intussusception
    • Stages of intussusception
    • Diagnosis, reduction and after-care
    • Nature and rarity of mesenteric cysts
    • Sites of omental and mesenteric cysts
    • Distribution and types of mesenteric cysts
    • Classification of mesenteric cysts
    • Classification of mesenteric cysts (continued)
    • Classification of mesenteric cysts (continued)
    • Classification of mesenteric cysts (continued)
    • Theories on the Etiology of Mesenteric Cysts
    • Theories on the Etiology of Mesenteric Cysts (continued)
    • Presentation and diagnosis of mesenteric cysts
    • Operative treatment of mesenteric cysts
    • Mesenteric ischaemia and venous thrombosis
    • Non-pathologic reasons for intestinal resection

    24 slides

  13. 13

    Anatomic complications of resection

    • Summary of Anatomic Complications of Small Intestine Resections
    • Vascular injury at intestinal resection
    • Angle of transection for segmental resection
    • Haematoma and ischaemia at the anastomosis
    • Organ injury, leakage and adhesions
    • Stoma placement in side-to-side anastomosis
    • Tension, torsion and distal obstruction
    • Complications Related to Needle Catheter Jejunostomy in 2022 Consecutive Applications
    • Complications Related to Needle Catheter Jejunostomy in 2022 Consecutive Applications (continued)

    9 slides

  14. 14

    Consolidation

    • Embryology and fixation: the essentials
    • Vascular principles to carry into theatre
    • Operative rules for the small bowel
    • Sources cited in the text
    • Sources cited in the text (continued)
    • Sources cited in the text (continued)
    • Sources cited in the text (continued)
    • Skandalakis' Surgical Anatomy: The Embryologic and Anatomic Basis of Modern Surgery
    • Join our WhatsApp groups

    9 slides