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General Surgery
Lymphatic System
Built from Skandalakis' Surgical Anatomy: The Embryologic and Anatomic Basis of Modern Surgery
What’s inside
11 sections · 110 slides
Overview
- Scope of this topic
- General plan of the lymphatic system
History
- Anatomic and surgical history of the lymphatic system
- Anatomic and Surgical History of the Lymphatic System
- Anatomic and Surgical History of the Lymphatic System (continued)
- Anatomic and Surgical History of the Lymphatic System (continued)
- Anatomic and Surgical History of the Lymphatic System (continued)
- Anatomic and Surgical History of the Lymphatic System (continued)
- Anatomic and Surgical History of the Lymphatic System (continued)
- Anatomic and Surgical History of the Lymphatic System (continued)
- Anatomic and Surgical History of the Lymphatic System (continued)
- Anatomic and Surgical History of the Lymphatic System (continued)
- Anatomic and Surgical History of the Lymphatic System (continued)
- Anatomic and Surgical History of the Lymphatic System (continued)
- Anatomic and Surgical History of the Lymphatic System (continued)
- Anatomic and Surgical History of the Lymphatic System (continued)
- Anatomic and Surgical History of the Lymphatic System (continued)
- Anatomic and Surgical History of the Lymphatic System (continued)
- Anatomic and Surgical History of the Lymphatic System (continued)
- Anatomic and Surgical History of the Lymphatic System (continued)
- Anatomic and Surgical History of the Lymphatic System (continued)
- Anatomic and Surgical History of the Lymphatic System (continued)
Embryogenesis
- Origin of the lymph sacs
- Sequence of lymph sac formation
- Formation of the lymphatic network
- Histogenesis of the lymph node
- Development of the lymphatic vessels
- Development of the definitive thoracic duct
- Oblique thoracic course of the definitive thoracic duct
- Origin and lineage of lymphocytes
Congenital anomalies
- Congenital lymphoedema and cystic dilatation
- Anomalies of the Lymphatic System
- Cystic hygroma
- Lymphangiomas by age and pulmonary lymphangiectasia
Cisterna chyli
- Is the cisterna chyli a constant structure?
- Working definition and dimensions of the cisterna chyli
- Tributaries of the cisterna chyli
- Formation of the cisterna chyli
- Imaging of a giant cisterna chyli
Thoracic duct
- Dimensions and drainage territory of the thoracic duct
- Territory drained by the thoracic duct
- Tributaries of the thoracic duct
- Three parts and posterior mediastinal relations
- Thoracic course of the duct
- Cervical relations and termination of the thoracic duct
- Valves at the duct-vein junction
- Consequences of thoracic duct injury and ligation
- Variability in the terminations of the thoracic duct
- Patterns of duct entry into the venous system
- Shimada and Sato classification of terminal endings
- Type A-1 termination at the venous angle
- Type A-2 termination by two trunks
- Type A-3 with trunks to subclavian vein and venous angle
- Type B-1 with two trunks to the internal jugular vein
- Type B-2 with three terminal trunks
- Type C-1 with an external jugular insertion
- Type C-2 with external and internal jugular insertions
- Type D with four terminal trunks
- Jacobsson's autopsy series of the thoracic duct
- Four types of origin of the thoracic duct
- Nine types of cervical part of the thoracic duct
- Sites of venous opening in the left neck
- Calibre of the thoracic duct along its course
- Valves and constrictions of the thoracic duct
Right lymphatic duct
- Formation of the right lymphatic duct
- Right bronchomediastinal trunk
- Lymphatic junctions at the right venous angle
- Terminal lymph trunks of the right side
Histology and physiology
- Structure of the lymph capillary
- Anchoring filaments and interstitial fluid entry
- Pathway of lymph from interstitium to vein
- Valves and daily lymph volume
- Alternative lymphaticovenous connections
- Number and distribution of lymph nodes
- Gross structure of the lymph node
- Cortex and germinal centres
- Medulla, medullary cords and sinuses
- Frontal section of a lymph node
- Lymph node structure from capsule to hilum
Nodes and malignant disease
- Lymph nodes as filters of malignant cells
- Failure of nodal containment
- Clinical significance of lymph node enlargement
- Castleman's disease
Anatomic complications
- Mechanisms of thoracic duct injury
- Volume and consequences of chyle leak
- Management of cervical chyle fistula
- Conservative and operative closure of chyle fistula
- Chylothorax and its management
- Chylous ascites and paediatric chylothorax
- Acquired lymphangiectasis
- Kondoleon operation for elephantiasis
Summary
- Key anatomical facts
- Key clinical points
- Sources cited in the text
- Sources cited in the text (continued)
- Sources cited in the text (continued)
- Sources cited in the text (continued)
- Sources cited in the text (continued)
- Skandalakis' Surgical Anatomy: The Embryologic and Anatomic Basis of Modern Surgery
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