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General Surgery
Female Genital System
Built from Skandalakis' Surgical Anatomy: The Embryologic and Anatomic Basis of Modern Surgery
What’s inside
13 sections · 194 slides
Overview
- Organs of the female reproductive system
- Endopelvic fascia as the positioning system
- Hormonal control and the scope of this topic
Embryogenesis of the female tract
- Early gonadal and ductal development
- Milestones in ovarian development
- Derivatives of the gubernaculum ovarii
- Derivation tables and how to use them
- Derivation of Reproductive Tract Structures from Wolffian and MüLlerian Primordia
- Derivation of Reproductive Tract Structures from Wolffian and MüLlerian Primordia (continued)
- Derivation of Reproductive Tract Structures from Wolffian and MüLlerian Primordia (continued)
- Derivation of Reproductive Tract Structures from Wolffian and MüLlerian Primordia (continued)
- Derivation of Reproductive Tract Structures from Wolffian and MüLlerian Primordia (continued)
- Anatomic and Surgical History of the Female Genital System
- Anatomic and Surgical History of the Female Genital System (continued)
- Anatomic and Surgical History of the Female Genital System (continued)
- Anatomic and Surgical History of the Female Genital System (continued)
- Anatomic and Surgical History of the Female Genital System (continued)
- Anatomic and Surgical History of the Female Genital System (continued)
- Anatomic and Surgical History of the Female Genital System (continued)
Ovaries
- Topography of the ovary
- Peritoneal covering and the mesovarium
- Uterus and appendages from behind
- Uterus from behind with the broad ligament removed
- Ligaments that hold the ovary
- Peritoneal relations of the ovary
- Pathway of the ovarian, uterine and vaginal arteries
- Arterial anastomoses of the female reproductive system
- Vascular anatomy relevant to ovarian resection
- Variations in gonadal vein termination
- Number of venous trunks in the gonadal veins
- Lymphatic drainage and innervation of the ovary
- Referred ovarian pain
- Histology of the ovary
- The ovarian cycle
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
- Ovarian torsion
- Chronic pain from an entrapped ovary
- Congenital absence and ectopia of the ovary
- Accessory and supernumerary ovaries
- Absence of the Ovaries
- Anomalies of the Ovaries
- Partial and total oophorectomy
- Complications of ovarian surgery
Uterine tubes
- Parts of the uterine tube
- Topography of the uterine tube
- Segments of the uterine tube and their epithelium
- Ampulla, isthmus and intramural segment
- Uterine position and the fimbrio-ovarian relation
- Ovarian size and the tubal ostium
- Stenosis of the tubal ostium
- Elongation of the fimbria ovarica
- Causes of damage to the fimbrial ovum pickup mechanism
- Accessory fimbriae
- Arterial supply of the uterine tube
- Lymphatics, innervation and histology of the tube
- Mucosal cell types and tubal function
- Implantation sites in ectopic pregnancy
- Carcinoma of the uterine tube
Uterus
- Development of the uterus and upper vagina
- Bicornuate versus septate uterus
- Congenital uterine anomalies
- Main abnormalities of the uterus and vagina
- Anomalies of the Female Reproductive Tract
- Anomalies of the Female Reproductive Tract (continued)
- Topography and dimensions of the uterus
- Shape of the uterine cavity and cervical canal
- The endocervical canal
- Outlines of uterine position
- Uterine positions compared
- The cervix
- Consistency of the cervix and the ureteric relation
- The pericervical fascial ring
- Relational anatomy of the uterus
- Female reproductive organs from behind
- Peritoneum of the female pelvis
- Sagittal view of the abdominopelvic cavity
Support of the pelvic organs
- Purposes of the endopelvic fascia
- Vesicovaginal fascia and the intermediate stratum
- Endopelvic fascia and the pubocervical fascia
- The levator plate
- Flap-valve mechanism of pelvic support
- Pelvic floor seen from above
- Vaginographic study of pelvic floor support
- Attachments of the vagina in sagittal section
- Uterosacral and cardinal ligaments from above and behind
- Ligaments of the uterus
- Superior view of the uterine ligaments
- Pathways of the round, ovarian and suspensory ligaments
- Pelvic viscera viewed from above
- Anatomic features of the female pelvic floor
- Uterine ligaments from below and from the side
- The round ligament
- Contents of the inguinal canal in the female
- The cardinal ligament
- The uterosacral ligament
- Relations of the ureter to the uterine and vaginal arteries
- Floor of the rectouterine pouch and the female urethra
- Muscular wall and lining of the female urethra
Uterine vessels, lymphatics and nerves
- Course of the uterine artery
- Distribution within the uterine wall
- Uterine and vaginal arteries
- Venous drainage of the uterus
- Lymphatic drainage of the uterus and vagina
- Imaging nodal disease in cervical cancer
- Autonomic plexuses of the pelvis
- Autonomic effects and uterine pain pathways
- Afferent innervation of the female genital tract
- The uterovaginal plexus
- Visceral nerves of the abdomen
Uterine wall and endometrium
- Layers of the uterine wall
- Anterior, lateral and posterior views of the adult uterus
- The myometrium
- Frontal section of the adult uterus
- Proliferative phase endometrium
- Secretory phase endometrium
- Dysmenorrhoea
- Ectopic endometrial tissue
Hysterectomy and its complications
- Anatomic dissection in hysterectomy
- Total versus supracervical abdominal hysterectomy
- Vaginal hysterectomy: anatomy of the approach
- Retroperitoneal access and vessel occlusion
- Bladder injury at hysterectomy
- Consequences of unrecognised ureteric occlusion
- Sites and mechanisms of ureteric injury
- Relations of the ureter in the female pelvis
- Retroperitoneal course of ureteric, uterine and ovarian vessels
- Nerve and intestinal injury
- Haemorrhage and its control
- Complications specific to vaginal hysterectomy
- Vaginal shortening and introital stenosis
Vagina
- Development and anomalies of the vagina
- Topography of the vagina
- Relations of the vagina
- Supports of the vagina
- Arcus tendineus fasciae pelvis and the muscle white line
- The perineal body
- Pubocervical fascia and the paravaginal defect
- Segments of the pelvic floor and sites of support defects
- Breaks in the pubocervical support of the bladder
- Detachment of the pubocervical fascia
- Blood supply of the vagina
- Venous, lymphatic and nerve supply of the vagina
- Histology of the vaginal wall
- Anatomy of the vaginal examination
- Detecting a paravaginal defect
- Rectocele, enterocele and perineal descent
- Complications of anterior and posterior colporrhaphy
- Bladder injury and overcorrection
- Strictures, dyspareunia and bowel injury
Female urethra and continence
- Sagittal anatomy of the female urethra
- Cross-sectional anatomy of the female urethra
- Reappraisal of female urethral and genital anatomy
- The female continence mechanism
- The internal urethral sphincter
- The external urethral sphincter
- Mucosal coaptation and the hammock
- Endopelvic fascia and pelvic floor in continence
- Four mechanisms of urethral continence
- Complications of female urethral surgery
Vulva
- Development of the vulva
- Mons pubis and labia majora
- Labia minora
- The clitoris
- Erectile tissue and the glans clitoris
- The female external genitalia
- Bartholin and Skene glands
- Vestibular bulbs and hymen
- Hymenal variation and the imperforate hymen
- Blood supply and innervation of the vulva
- Lymphatic drainage of the vulva
- Histology of the vulva
- Vulvar physiology and common problems
- Biopsy of vulvar lesions
- Incision for one-step radical vulvectomy and groin dissection
- Anatomic relationships of the perineal vasculature
- Transposition of the sartorius over the femoral vessels
Summary
- Landmarks worth memorising
- Principles carried through the topic
- Sources cited in this topic
- Sources cited in this topic (continued)
- Skandalakis' Surgical Anatomy: The Embryologic and Anatomic Basis of Modern Surgery
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