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Orthopaedics
Benign Bone Tumours
Built from Pillemer — Physical Signs in Orthopaedics and Neurology
What’s inside
6 sections · 59 slides
Overview
- What this topic teaches you
- How these lesions announce themselves
Benign or Malignant on X-Ray?
The four warning signs of malignancy, and the reassuring look of a benign lesion
- The one idea that matters most: the zone of transition
- Four X-ray signs of malignancy
- Poorly defined endosteal margin
- Cortical erosion and destruction
- Sign 3 in detail: the angry periosteum
- Sunburst periosteal reaction
- Periosteal elevation
- Codman's triangle
- Tumour extension into soft tissues
- Benign versus malignant — the contrast
The Benign Lesions One by One
For each: who gets it, where it sits, and how it looks on X-ray
- Before the list: why AGE is your first filter
- Osteoid osteoma — the classic night-pain lesion
- Osteoid osteoma on X-ray
- Osteoblastoma — the big brother of osteoid osteoma
- Osteoblastoma on X-ray
- Giant cell tumour (GCT)
- Giant cell tumour on X-ray
- Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS)
- Pigmented villonodular synovitis
- Fibrous cortical defect (FCD)
- Fibrous cortical defect
- Osteochondroma — commonest benign tumour
- Osteochondroma on X-ray
- Enchondroma — cartilage inside the bone
- Enchondroma on X-ray
- When enchondromas come in numbers: two syndromes
- Ollier disease
- Maffucci's syndrome
- Chondroblastoma — cartilage tumour of the growth plate
- Chondroblastoma on X-ray
- Chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF)
- Chondromyxoid fibroma
The 'FLASH' Lesions
Fibrous dysplasia, infection, and the cystic lesions that complete the checklist
- F — Fibrous dysplasia
- Fibrous dysplasia on X-ray
- L — Brodie abscess (infection)
- Brodie abscess
- A — Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC)
- Aneurysmal bone cyst
- S — Simple (unicameral) bone cyst
- Simple (unicameral) bone cyst
- H — Hyperparathyroidism: the Brown tumour
- Brown tumour of hyperparathyroidism
- H — Histiocytosis X: Eosinophilic granuloma (EG)
- Eosinophilic granuloma — skull and spine
- Eosinophilic granuloma — bone lesions
A System for the X-Ray
The '2 3 4 FLASH' checklist so nothing is missed
- Why you need a routine
- The '2 3 4 FLASH' checklist
- The mnemonic at a glance
Putting It Together
Summary and self-test
- Take-home messages
- A teenager has a lytic epiphyseal lesion at the distal femur with stippled calcification. Which benign lesions fit?
- Physical Signs in Orthopedic and Neurologic Disorders: A Practical Guide