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Radiology
Atrioventricular Septal Defect
Built from Obstetric Imaging
What’s inside
9 sections · 71 slides
Overview
- What this covers
The defect itself
What is missing at the centre of the heart, and why
- Where the four chambers meet
- The partition at the heart's central meeting point
- What an atrioventricular septal defect is
- Why the same defect has three names
- How the defect comes about
- A normal heart beside a heart with the defect
- 0.24–0.31
- Why the before-birth figure is the bigger one
- What causes it
- What an AVSD tends to come with
Two forms of the defect
Complete and partial — and, inside complete, balanced and unbalanced
- The spectrum splits in two
- Complete AVSD: what is actually there
- Balanced or unbalanced
- Sorting complete AVSD by ventricle size
- Partial AVSD: what is actually there
- Complete beside partial
The baby after birth
Why some newborns look blue, and why others fail a few months later
- Why the newborn may look slightly blue
- Reading that sequence
- Why heart failure arrives a few months later
- Congestive failure in complete AVSD
- The babies who stay well
Finding it on ultrasound
One view, one sign, then the details that follow
- The one view that always shows it
- The step that disappears
- What complete AVSD looks like on the scan
- Apical four-chamber view in complete atrioventricular septal defect
- Closed valve: the straight line
- Open valve: one symmetrical doorway
- The hammock appearance
- Transverse four-chamber view showing the hammock appearance
- Adding colour: the H sign
- Colour Doppler H sign of a single atrioventricular valve
- Is the common valve leaking?
- Pulsed Doppler of a significant common valve leak
- Compare the two ventricles
- Look past the valves as well
- Partial AVSD is the harder call
- A supplementary tool
- The classic signs, side by side
Things that mimic it
Three look-alikes, and the checks that separate them
- Three look-alikes to rule out
- Persistent left superior vena cava
- A dilated coronary sinus and the left superior vena cava behind it
- The trap: a dilated sinus in a low cut
- The answer: slide to a higher cut
- Inlet ventricular septal defect
- Univentricular heart
- The order to check things in
Before birth: what to do
Why complete AVSD counts as complex, and what the work-up is
- Complete AVSD is a complex diagnosis
- Hydrops: why the leak is watched
- Balanced and unbalanced counsel differently
- What the reference table sets out
- Differences Between the Balanced and Unbalanced Forms of Complete Atrioventricular Septal Defect
- What to do once it is found
- Partial AVSD before birth
After birth: repair and outlook
What the operation does, when it happens, and how patients do
- The operation
- Why the timing is fixed
- The first months, in order
- Unbalanced AVSD is the hard one
- Down syndrome shifts the timing
- Partial AVSD: a gentler course
- What sends patients back to theatre
- 85%
Putting it together
What the referring physician needs to know, and the key points
- What the referring physician needs to know
- What the referring physician needs to know
- What the referring physician needs to know
- Key points
- “
- Suggested reading
- References
- References (continued)
- Obstetric Imaging: Fetal Diagnosis and Care, 2nd Edition