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Radiology
ArthrogryposisAmyoplasia
Built from Obstetric Imaging
What’s inside
9 sections · 54 slides
Overview
- What this topic covers
Starting with the words
Arthrogryposis is a description, not a diagnosis
- A joint that will not move
- Why it is a finding, not a diagnosis
- Two words that keep getting swapped
- What all of these disorders share
- 1 in 3000-5000
- The topic in one picture
Why the joints stiffen
A joint is built by being used
- Movement is what shapes a joint
- The order movement appears
- From no movement to a fixed joint
- When movement is lost changes what you see
- Any link in the chain can be the fault
- Faults inside the cell too
- Infections that can cause it
- When the womb itself is the problem
- A blood supply cause
- What amyoplasia actually is
- What the stillness does to the rest of the body
The look of amyoplasia
One posture, repeated in nearly every case
- Segmental, not whole-body
- How the arms are held
- How the legs are held
- Newborn foot in equinovarus
- Other signs that often travel with it
- The abdominal wall link
The genetic syndromes
Everything under the umbrella that is not amyoplasia
- A far more varied group
- Two ways to read the same finding
- Hand and foot clues that point away from amyoplasia
Seeing it before birth
Ultrasound first, MRI for the difficult feet
- What ultrasound can show and when
- Detectable in theory, missed in practice
- Fetal profile with a small, set-back chin
- Reading the fetal profile
- The arm on three-dimensional ultrasound
- The leg on three-dimensional ultrasound
- Extra findings that support amyoplasia
- Fetal knee contracture with a rocker bottom foot
- Reading the rocker bottom foot
- Which systems to survey
- Where MRI adds something
Telling the two apart
A hard call before birth, and how to sharpen it
- Why the differential is hard
- Which way the findings point
- What the genetic tests are for
- Working through a suspected case
What happens next
Before birth, at birth, and for years afterwards
- Before birth
- What the referring physician needs to know
- After birth
- Bracing an infant foot after correction
- What treatment is aiming at
- Who needs to be involved
Pulling it together
The five points to carry away
- Key points
- The whole topic in four moves
- References
- References (continued)
- References (continued)
- Obstetric Imaging: Fetal Diagnosis and Care, 2nd Edition