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Radiology

Pleura, Chest Wall, Diaphragm, and Miscellaneous Chest Disorders

Built from Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology

What’s inside

8 sections · 140 slides

  1. 01

    Overview

    • What this chapter covers
    • Chest disorders at a glance

    2 slides

  2. 02

    Pleura

    Anatomy and physiology, effusion, fistula, pneumothorax, and focal, diffuse, and asbestos-related disease

    • The two layers of the pleura
    • Pleural fluid balance
    • Normal pleural fluid physiology
    • Pathophysiology of abnormal pleural fluid formation
    • How pleural disease shows up
    • Pleural effusion basics
    • Etiology of pleural effusions
    • Etiology of pleural effusions (continued)
    • Chemical characteristics of transudative versus exudative effusions
    • Congestive heart failure effusion
    • Parapneumonic effusion and empyema
    • Three stages of parapneumonic effusion
    • Parapneumonic effusion: anatomy, bacteriology, and chemistry
    • Empyema on imaging
    • Empyema versus lung abscess
    • Empyema versus lung abscess on CT
    • Empyema on radiography and CT
    • Tuberculous pleural effusion
    • Malignant pleural effusion
    • Malignant pleural effusion on CT
    • Hemothorax
    • Hemothorax
    • Esophageal perforation and hydrothorax
    • Collagen vascular and autoimmune effusions
    • Serositis with pleural and pericardial effusions
    • Abdominal causes of effusion
    • Chylothorax
    • Chylous pleural effusions from lymphoma
    • Pulmonary embolism and drug effusions
    • Managing pleural effusions
    • Draining the difficult effusion
    • CT-guided empyema drainage with fibrinolytics
    • Bronchopleural fistula
    • Bronchopleural fistula and empyema
    • Pneumothorax basics
    • Classifying pneumothorax
    • Etiology of pneumothorax
    • Etiology of pneumothorax (continued)
    • Pneumothorax on upright and supine films
    • Pneumothorax in a supine patient
    • Traumatic pneumothorax
    • Primary spontaneous pneumothorax
    • Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax
    • Spontaneous pneumothorax in cystic fibrosis
    • Catamenial pneumothorax
    • How tension pneumothorax develops
    • Tension pneumothorax on film
    • Tension pneumothorax
    • Focal pleural disease
    • Focal pleural disease
    • Focal pleural disease (continued)
    • Pleural calcification
    • Pleural calcification after thoracotomy
    • Pleural masses
    • Pleural lipoma
    • Localized fibrous tumor of pleura
    • Diffuse pleural disease
    • Diffuse pleural disease
    • Fibrothorax and trapped lung
    • Diffuse pleural fibrosis with lung entrapment
    • Pleural malignancy
    • Benign asbestos pleural disease
    • Calcified pleural plaques and diffuse fibrosis in asbestos disease
    • Asbestos effusion and diffuse thickening
    • Malignant mesothelioma
    • Imaging and staging of mesothelioma
    • Mesothelioma

    67 slides

  3. 03

    Chest Wall

    Soft-tissue disorders and the bony thorax, from congenital anomalies to trauma and tumor

    • Chest wall disorders
    • Chest wall lesions
    • Poland syndrome
    • Poland syndrome
    • Skin lesions and chest wall abscess
    • Chest wall soft tissue tumors
    • Congenital rib anomalies
    • Rib lesions
    • Rib lesions (continued)
    • Intrathoracic rib
    • Rib notching: inferior
    • Rib notching: superior and associations
    • Rib and chest wall trauma
    • Flail chest
    • Nonneoplastic rib lesions
    • Fibrous dysplasia of a rib
    • Rib neoplasms
    • Myeloma producing a chest wall mass
    • Blastic bone metastases from lung cancer
    • Rib and chest wall infection
    • Costal cartilage ossification
    • Costal cartilage ossification in men and women
    • Scapula
    • Winged scapula
    • Clavicle
    • Thoracic spine
    • Rugger jersey spine
    • Pectus excavatum
    • Pectus excavatum
    • Pectus carinatum
    • Pectus carinatum
    • Sternal trauma and sternotomy infection

    32 slides

  4. 04

    Diaphragm

    Elevation and depression, paralysis, hernias, and tumors

    • Unilateral diaphragmatic elevation
    • Unilateral diaphragmatic elevation
    • Eventration of the diaphragm
    • Causes of diaphragmatic elevation
    • Bilateral diaphragmatic elevation
    • Diaphragmatic depression
    • Diaphragmatic hernias
    • Hiatal hernia
    • Bochdalek hernia
    • Foramen of Bochdalek hernia
    • Morgagni hernia
    • Foramen of Morgagni hernia
    • Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia
    • Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia
    • Diaphragmatic tumors

    15 slides

  5. 05

    Congenital Lung Disease in Adults

    Bronchopulmonary sequestration and pulmonary arteriovenous malformations

    • Congenital lung lesions in adults
    • Bronchopulmonary sequestration
    • Intralobar versus extralobar sequestration
    • Intralobar pulmonary sequestration
    • Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation

    5 slides

  6. 06

    Traumatic Lung Disease

    Pulmonary contusion, laceration, traumatic lung cyst, and hematoma

    • Pulmonary contusion
    • Pulmonary contusions and traumatic lung cysts
    • Laceration, traumatic cyst, and hematoma

    3 slides

  7. 07

    Aspiration

    Aspiration pneumonia and pneumonitis, chronic aspiration, and lipoid pneumonia

    • Aspiration overview
    • Who is at risk and what worsens it
    • Radiographic patterns of aspiration
    • Aspiration bronchiolitis and pneumonitis
    • Chronic aspiration and lipoid pneumonia
    • Exogenous lipoid pneumonia

    6 slides

  8. 08

    Radiation-Induced Lung Disease

    Acute radiation pneumonitis and its progression to fibrosis

    • Variables that shape radiation injury
    • Acute radiation pneumonitis
    • Progression to radiation fibrosis
    • Radiation fibrosis
    • The radiation lung injury course
    • Confirming radiation lung disease
    • Key takeaways
    • Suggested readings
    • Suggested readings
    • Brant and Helms' Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology

    10 slides