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Radiology
Pelvicalyceal System, Ureters, Bladder, and Urethra
Built from Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology
What’s inside
4 sections · 128 slides
Overview
- Urinary drainage tract overview
- What this topic covers
Pelvicalyceal System and Ureter
Imaging methods, anatomy, congenital anomalies, stones, hydronephrosis, masses, and strictures
- Imaging the upper urinary tract
- Alternative studies for the upper tract
- Collecting system anatomy
- Renal pelvis and extrarenal pelvis
- Ureter wall and peristalsis
- Three points of ureteral narrowing
- Ureteral duplication
- Weigert-Meyer rule
- Ectopic ureter insertion sites
- Imaging duplicated systems
- Ureteral Duplication
- Obstructed Duplication
- Bifid pelvis and UPJ obstruction
- UPJ obstruction details
- Retrocaval ureter
- Renal stone disease overview
- Renal stone composition
- Stone radiopacity and CT
- Urinary tract stones
- Staghorn Calculus
- 97%
- Noncontrast renal stone CT
- Ureterolithiasis appearance
- Noncontrast Renal Stone CT
- Stone CT pitfalls
- Stone size and passage
- Hydronephrosis definition
- Peripelvic cysts mimic hydronephrosis
- Causes of obstruction
- Obstruction on US and CT
- Chronic Obstruction
- Obstruction of the right kidney
- Pyonephrosis
- Vesicoureteral reflux and megaureter
- Chronic obstruction from a ureteral stone
- Prune belly syndrome and polyuria
- Filling defects in the upper tract
- Blood clots
- Hemorrhage into the collecting system
- Transitional cell carcinoma overview
- TCC risk and spread
- Three CT appearances of upper tract TCC
- TCC of the renal pelvis — intraluminal mass
- TCC of the renal pelvis — wall thickening
- TCC of the renal pelvis — infiltrative tumor
- TCC on CT
- TCC of the ureter
- TCC on noncontrast CT
- TCC on MR and US
- TCC on urography
- TCC of the ureter — champagne glass sign
- Other uroepithelial tumors
- Papillary necrosis
- Other benign filling defects
- Ureteral stricture
- Causes of stricture
- Calyceal diverticulum
- Papillary cavities from necrosis
Bladder
Imaging, anatomy and anomalies, wall thickening, calcification, masses, outpouchings, and trauma
- Imaging the bladder
- Cystography and CT cystogram
- Bladder position and relations
- Bladder wall layers
- Trigone and MR appearance
- Bladder exstrophy
- Urachal remnant conditions
- Urachal remnants in detail
- Urachal carcinoma
- Urachal Carcinoma
- Bladder wall thickness
- Benign prostatic hypertrophy
- Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
- Other causes of wall thickening
- Cystitis
- Cystitis
- Cystitis variants
- Emphysematous cystitis
- Emphysematous Cystitis
- Schistosomiasis
- Bladder wall calcification from schistosomiasis
- Tuberculosis and other calcification
- Simple ureterocele
- Ectopic ureterocele
- Simple and Ectopic Ureteroceles
- Bladder TCC overview
- Bladder transitional cell carcinoma
- Bladder TCC on CT
- Bladder TCC on MR
- Other bladder masses
- Bladder stones and malacoplakia
- Bladder Stones
- Bladder diverticula
- Vesical fistulas
- Bladder trauma principles
- Extraperitoneal bladder rupture
- Extraperitoneal Bladder Rupture
- Intraperitoneal bladder rupture
- Intraperitoneal Bladder Rupture
- Two patterns of bladder rupture
Urethra
Imaging methods, male and female anatomy, and pathology
- Imaging the urethra
- Female urethra imaging
- Male urethra divisions
- Prostatic and membranous urethra
- Normal Male Urethra
- Bulbous and penile urethra
- Cowper glands and reflux signs
- Cowper Glands
- Female urethra anatomy
- Normal Female Urethra
- Urethral strictures
- Urethral strictures and glands of Littre
- Stricture complications
- Urethral carcinoma
- Carcinoma of the Penile Urethra
- Posterior urethral valves
- Urethral diverticula
- Diverticulum of the Female Urethra
- Female urethral diverticulum
- Posterior urethral injury
- Posterior urethral injury types
- Traumatic Urethral Transection
- Other urethral injuries
- Takeaways: upper tract
- Takeaways: bladder and urethra
- Suggested readings
- Suggested readings
- Brant and Helms' Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology