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Radiology
Obstetric Ultrasound
Built from Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology
What’s inside
7 sections · 136 slides
Overview
- Obstetric ultrasound roadmap
Overview & Imaging Methods
How obstetric ultrasound is performed, standardized, and kept safe
- Uses of obstetric ultrasound
- Standard, limited, and specialized exams
- Doppler safety in pregnancy
First Trimester
Normal and failed early pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, and trophoblastic disease
- First trimester overview
- Early pregnancy: first signs
- Early pregnancy landmarks
- Normal early pregnancy findings
- Gestational sac signs
- Intradecidual sign
- Double decidua sign
- Yolk sac and embryo
- Yolk sac
- Early embryo: double bleb sign
- Corpus luteum
- Corpus luteum
- Normal embryo landmarks
- Normal cystic rhombencephalon
- Normal mid-gut herniation
- Problematic early pregnancy: terms
- Types of abortion
- Empty sac and pregnancy failure
- Failed pregnancy
- Normal embryonic heartbeat and demise
- Criteria for nonviable first-trimester pregnancy
- Uncertain viability and unknown location
- Intrauterine pregnancy of uncertain viability
- Ectopic pregnancy overview
- Ectopic pregnancy findings
- Ectopic pregnancy
- Clinical risk factors for ectopic pregnancy
- Findings of ectopic pregnancy
- Tubal ectopic pregnancy: ring of fire
- Pseudogestational sac
- Ectopic sites and treatment
- Subchorionic hemorrhage
- Subchorionic hemorrhage
- Retained products of conception
- Retained products of conception
- Gestational trophoblastic disease
- Hydatidiform mole
- Hydatidiform mole types
- Hydatidiform mole
- Theca lutein cysts
- Invasive mole and choriocarcinoma
Fetal Measurements & Growth
Dating, biometry, growth restriction, and Doppler assessment
- Dating the pregnancy
- Crown-rump length
- Fetal biometry
- Transthalamic (BPD/head circumference) plane
- Abdominal circumference
- Femur length
- 1.1 wk
- Intrauterine growth restriction
- Causes of intrauterine growth restriction
- Symmetric vs asymmetric growth restriction
- Diagnosing growth restriction
- Biophysical profile
- Fetal Doppler and growth restriction
- Umbilical artery Doppler in distress
- Umbilical artery Doppler
- Fetal macrosomia
The Fetal Environment
Uterus and adnexa, placenta and membranes, amniotic fluid, and twins
- Uterine fibroids in pregnancy
- Adnexal cysts in pregnancy
- Cervical incompetence
- Cervical incompetence
- Normal placenta
- Normal placenta and umbilical cord insertion
- Placenta previa
- Placenta previa
- Vasa previa
- Vasa previa
- Placental abruption
- Placental abruption
- Placenta accreta spectrum
- Chorioangioma and umbilical cord
- Normal umbilical cord
- Amniotic bands and sheets
- Amniotic band syndrome
- Amniotic sheet
- Amniotic fluid
- Amniotic fluid cycle
- Polyhydramnios and oligohydramnios
- Twins and chorionicity
- Chorionicity in twins
- Monochorionic twin complications
Fetal Anomalies
Aneuploidy screening and a systematic survey of the organ systems
- Fetal anomaly screening
- Nuchal translucency
- Nuchal translucency
- Serum and cell-free DNA screening
- Sonographic markers for trisomy 21
- Sonographic markers for trisomy 21
- Normal nasal bone
- Trisomies 21 and 18
- Three axial brain planes
- Three axial brain planes
- Transcerebellar plane and nuchal fold
- Transventricular plane: early ventriculomegaly
- Algorithm for congenital brain abnormalities
- Ventriculomegaly
- Ventriculomegaly
- Neural tube defects
- Anencephaly
- Encephalocele
- Normal spine and spina bifida
- Holoprosencephaly and related defects
- Holoprosencephaly
- Hydranencephaly
- Dandy-Walker malformation
- Face and neck anomalies
- Normal face view and cleft lip
- Cystic hygroma
- Fetal hydrops
- Fetal hydrops
- Chest masses
- Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
- Cystic adenomatoid malformation
- Fetal heart screening
- Normal screening views of the fetal heart
- Normal fetal abdomen
- Bowel anomalies
- Double bubble
- Small bowel obstruction
- Urinary tract obstruction and cystic disease
- Hydronephrosis
- Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
- Abdominal wall defects
- Gastroschisis vs omphalocele
- Cord insertion, gastroschisis, and omphalocele
- Skeletal dysplasias
- Micromelic dwarf
- Key takeaways
Suggested Readings
Reference list for the topic
- Suggested Readings
- Suggested Readings
- Suggested Readings
- Suggested Readings
- Brant and Helms' Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology