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Radiology
Mediastinum and Hila
Built from Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology
What’s inside
6 sections · 125 slides
Overview
- How mediastinal masses come to light
- Imaging modalities for the mediastinum
- Utility of imaging modalities for mediastinal masses
- Three compartments of the mediastinum
Anterior mediastinal masses
Prevascular compartment: thyroid, thymus, germ cell, lymphoma, vascular and mesenchymal lesions
- Anterior (prevascular) mediastinal masses
- Anterior (prevascular) mediastinal masses (continued)
- Vascular 'masses' at the thoracic inlet
- Tortuous left common carotid artery as a superior mediastinal mass
- Aneurysms as prevascular masses
- Thyroid goiter in the mediastinum
- CT features of thyroid goiter
- Thyroid goiter
- Ectopic parathyroid masses
- Ectopic parathyroid adenoma
- Lymphangioma (cystic hygroma)
- Thymoma: the basics
- Thymic epithelial neoplasms: WHO spectrum
- Thymoma: imaging and invasion
- Noninvasive thymoma
- Thymoma: invasion and spread
- Invasive thymoma
- Thymic cysts
- Thymolipoma
- Thymic carcinoid
- Thymic hyperplasia
- Thymic hyperplasia
- Thymic lymphoma
- Lymphoma: the most common mediastinal neoplasm
- Hodgkin disease versus NHL in the chest
- Hodgkin lymphoma
- Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
- Lymphoma on imaging
- Lymphoma: treatment and residual masses
- Treated Hodgkin lymphoma with calcified nodes
- Germ cell neoplasms
- Teratoma and malignant germ cell tumors
- Mature teratoma
- Malignant nonseminomatous germ cell tumor
- Mesenchymal tumors of the mediastinum
- Mediastinal liposarcoma
Middle mediastinal masses
Visceral compartment: lymph nodes, cysts, esophagus, and vessels
- Middle (visceral) mediastinal masses
- Middle (visceral) mediastinal masses (continued)
- Middle mediastinal lymph nodes
- CT density of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes
- Azygos continuation of the IVC
- Sampling and staging mediastinal nodes
- Right hilar and middle mediastinal lymphoma
- Lung cancer and nodal metastases
- Small cell carcinoma with hilar nodal enlargement
- Sarcoidosis and infection nodes
- Tuberculous lymph node enlargement
- Castleman disease
- Bronchogenic cyst
- Bronchogenic cyst: pitfalls and care
- Bronchogenic cyst
- Pericardial cyst and fat pad
- Pericardial cyst
- Epipericardial fat pad
- Tracheal and central bronchial masses
- Esophageal carcinoma
- Benign esophageal masses and diverticula
- Dilated esophagus (achalasia)
- Achalasia
- Esophageal varices and hiatal hernia
- Hiatal hernia
- Other hiatal contents and enteric cysts
- Pancreatic pseudocyst as mediastinal mass
- Esophageal duplication cyst
- Vascular, phrenic, and diaphragmatic lesions
Posterior mediastinal masses
Paravertebral compartment: neurogenic tumors and spinal lesions
- Posterior (paravertebral) mediastinal masses
- Neurogenic tumors: three families
- Schwannoma and neurofibroma
- Schwannoma
- Sympathetic ganglion tumors
- Ganglioneuroma
- Paraganglioma
- Four ways the spine makes a paraspinal mass
- Spinal lesions: telling them apart
- Thoracic spine discitis/osteomyelitis
- Lateral thoracic meningocele
- Malignant nodes and tissue sampling
Diffuse mediastinal disease
Infection, hemorrhage, lipomatosis, malignancy, and pneumomediastinum
- Diffuse mediastinal widening
- Acute mediastinitis: causes
- Acute mediastinitis: presentation and films
- Acute mediastinitis: diagnosis and outlook
- Acute mediastinitis
- Chronic fibrosing mediastinitis
- Fibrosing mediastinitis: imaging
- Fibrosing mediastinitis
- Mediastinal hemorrhage
- Mediastinal hematoma from aortic injury
- Mediastinal lipomatosis
- Mediastinal lipomatosis
- Diffuse malignant infiltration
- Pneumomediastinum: sources and mechanism
- Pneumomediastinum: the Macklin effect
- Causes of pneumomediastinum
- Pneumomediastinum: triggers
- Pneumomediastinum: from the airways and esophagus
- Pneumomediastinum: symptoms
- Pneumomediastinum
The hila
Unilateral and bilateral enlargement, and small hila
- Reading the hilum
- Unilateral hilar enlargement
- Unilateral hilar enlargement: malignancy
- Bronchogenic carcinoma with hilar nodes
- Extrathoracic nodal metastases to the hilum
- Hilar nodal metastases from ovarian carcinoma
- Unilateral hilar enlargement: infection
- Pulmonary artery enlargement as a hilar mass
- Idiopathic pulmonary artery dilatation
- Left hilar enlargement in pulmonic stenosis
- Bronchogenic cyst at the hilum
- Bilateral hilar enlargement
- Bilateral hilar enlargement: lymph nodes
- Sarcoidosis and the 1-2-3 sign
- Sarcoidosis with bilateral hilar adenopathy
- Berylliosis and silicosis
- Bilateral pulmonary artery enlargement
- Bilateral hilar enlargement in pulmonary hypertension
- Small hilum or hila
- Small hila
- Takeaways
- Suggested readings
- Suggested readings
- Brant and Helms' Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology