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Radiology
Endocrine Gland Scintigraphy
Built from Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology
What’s inside
8 sections · 108 slides
Overview
- Endocrine gland scintigraphy
- What scintigraphy adds to endocrine workup
Thyroid
Imaging methods, radiopharmaceuticals, uptake, anatomy, and thyroid disease
- Thyroid imaging methods
- When thyroid scintigraphy is used
- Thyroid radiopharmaceuticals
- Radiopharmaceuticals used for thyroid imaging
- Functional classes of a thyroid nodule
- Hot, cold, and indeterminate nodules
- Why 'warm' confuses clinicians
- Discordant thyroid nodules
- Radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU)
- Three reasons to measure RAIU
- How RAIU is measured
- Radioactive iodine uptake formula
- Thyroid embryology
- Thyroid anatomy
- Normal thyroid in cross-section and scan
- Thyroid cells and hormone control
- Thyroid hormone axis
- Iodine handling
- Hypothyroidism
- Hyperthyroidism
- Goiter
- Multinodular goiter
- Thyroid nodules on I-123 scan
- Nontoxic goiter
- Thyroiditis overview
- Acute and subacute thyroiditis
- Postpartum and Hashimoto thyroiditis
- Riedel thyroiditis and secondary hyperthyroidism
- Graves disease
- Graves disease on I-123 scan
- Treating Graves disease with I-131
- How I-131 works
- I-131 therapy sequence
- I-131 dose formula
- I-131 dose strategy
- I-131 precautions
- I-131 complications
Thyroid Nodules
How common they are, workup limits, and the differential diagnosis
- Nodules are common, cancer is rare
- Imaging limits in nodule workup
- Nodule function and cancer risk
- Follicular adenoma
- Cold nodule: follicular adenoma
- Adenomatous hyperplasia
- Thyroid cysts
- Hemorrhagic cysts
- Hot nodules
- Hot nodule on thyroid scan
Thyroid Cancer
Risk assessment, histologic types, imaging, and radioiodine therapy
- Thyroid cancer burden
- Assessing nodule malignancy risk
- Signs suggesting benign etiology
- Signs suggesting malignancy
- Benign versus malignant clues
- Papillary carcinoma
- Follicular carcinoma
- Medullary carcinoma
- Anaplastic carcinoma
- Thyroid cancer imaging after surgery
- Reading a thyroid cancer scan
- Thyroid cancer lymph-node metastasis
- Follicular cancer pelvic metastasis with SPECT
- Thyroid cancer recurrence with nodal metastases
- SPECT-CT and FDG PET in thyroid cancer
- Hurthle cell carcinoma
- Postablation follow-up with rhTSH
- Radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer
- I-131 dosing and preparation
- I-131 side effects
- Metastases to the thyroid
Parathyroid
Localizing adenomas, hyperplasia, and carcinoma in hyperparathyroidism
- Parathyroid disorders and imaging role
- Causes of hyperparathyroidism
- Parathyroid localization methods
- When localization is needed
- Parathyroid adenoma on Tc-99m sestamibi SPECT-CT
- Radionuclide subtraction imaging
- Pitfalls of subtraction imaging
- Subtraction imaging sequence
- Parathyroid subtraction technique
- Tc-99m sestamibi parathyroid imaging
- Parathyroid adenoma on sestamibi planar scan
- Parathyroid anatomy
- Parathyroid adenomas and hyperplasia
- Parathyroid carcinoma and ectopic glands
Adrenal
Functional imaging of adrenal medullary and neural crest tumors
- Adrenal functional imaging
- MIBG and adrenal medullary tumors
- Adrenal tumor PET and therapy
Neuroendocrine
Imaging pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma, neuroblastoma, and carcinoid
- Neuroendocrine tumor imaging
- In-111 pentetreotide (Octreoscan)
- Tumors imaged with In-111 pentetreotide
- Carcinoid on In-111 pentetreotide planar scan
- Insulinoma on In-111 pentetreotide SPECT-CT
- I-123 MIBG for neuroendocrine tumors
- I-123 MIBG scan in pediatric neuroblastoma
- New PET tracers for neuroendocrine tumors
- Endocrine gland scintigraphy: key takeaways
References
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- Brant and Helms' Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology