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Dermatology
Other Vascular Disorders
Built from Dermatology, 5th Edition
What’s inside
7 sections · 119 slides
Overview
- What this topic covers
- Seven vascular skin disorders in this chapter
Livedo Reticularis and Livedo Racemosa
Net-like red-purple skin patterns from disrupted blood flow
- Key features
- Livedo: a color pattern, not a diagnosis
- History
- Why the skin forms a net pattern
- Anatomical basis for the livedo pattern and biopsy site
- Livedo reticularis versus livedo racemosa pattern
- Two patterns, two meanings
- Causes of livedo reticularis and racemosa
- Causes of livedo reticularis and livedo racemosa
- Causes of livedo reticularis and livedo racemosa (continued)
- Causes of livedo reticularis and livedo racemosa (continued)
- Causes of livedo reticularis and livedo racemosa (continued)
- Congenital livedo reticularis: CMTC
- Physiologic livedo reticularis (cutis marmorata)
- Physiologic versus lupus-related livedo reticularis
- Livedo reticularis from thick or altered blood
- Livedo racemosa from vessel-wall damage: vasculitis
- Livedo racemosa in lymphocytic thrombophilic arteritis
- Lymphocytic thrombophilic arteritis
- A second case of lymphocytic thrombophilic arteritis
- Sneddon syndrome
- Livedo racemosa in Sneddon syndrome
- Vessel wall changes in Sneddon syndrome
- ADA2 deficiency (VAIHS)
- Calciphylaxis
- Calciphylaxis with cutaneous necrosis
- Reticulate purpura from calciphylaxis
- Livedo racemosa from blocked vessels
- Hyperoxaluria: crystals blocking vessels
- Other causes of livedo patterns
- Look-alikes of livedo patterns
- How to biopsy a livedo pattern
- Treatment
Flushing
A visible burst of increased blood flow to the skin, usually the face
- Key features
- What flushing is
- How flushing happens
- Wet flush versus dry flush
- Why alcohol causes flushing
- Causes of flushing
- Causes of flushing
- Drugs and foods that can trigger flushing
- Exogenous agents that can cause flushing
- Types of ordinary flushing
- Carcinoid syndrome
- Carcinoid flush by tumor location
- Full picture of carcinoid syndrome
- Signs and symptoms of the carcinoid syndrome
- Working up a patient with flushing
- Investigating flushing step by step
- Clinical approach to the evaluation of flushing
- Fixed redness that mimics flushing
- Treatment
Erythromelalgia
Burning, red, hot hands and feet, triggered by warmth
- Key features
- Three types of erythromelalgia
- History
- Who gets erythromelalgia
- What goes wrong
- The SCN9A gene and the Nav1.7 channel
- Related and unrelated gene findings
- What an attack looks like
- Erythromelalgia of the hands and feet
- Other findings and outcomes
- Pathology
- Conditions that mimic erythromelalgia
- First-line treatment: cooling and comfort
- Medicines for erythromelalgia
- Treatment for severe cases
Telangiectasias
Small, permanently widened blood vessels visible in the skin
- Key features
- What a telangiectasia is
- Sun-induced and radiation-induced telangiectasias
- Causes of telangiectasias
- Causes of telangiectasias
- Causes of telangiectasias (continued)
- Causes of telangiectasias (continued)
- Causes of telangiectasias (continued)
- General treatment options
- Spider telangiectasia
- Spider telangiectasia
- Spider telangiectasia on the cheek and in liver disease
- Hereditary benign telangiectasia
- Hereditary benign telangiectasia on the cheeks
- A second case of hereditary benign telangiectasia
- Generalized essential telangiectasia
- Generalized essential telangiectasia
- Generalized essential telangiectasia, another case
- Generalized essential telangiectasia, a third case
- Cutaneous collagenous vasculopathy
- Cutaneous collagenous vasculopathy: clinical and histologic features
- Unilateral nevoid telangiectasia
- Unilateral nevoid telangiectasia
- Angioma serpiginosum
- Angioma serpiginosum
- Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
- Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia of the tongue and lips
- Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia of the hand
- HHT genetics and treatment
- Ataxia-telangiectasia
Venous Lakes, Nevus Anemicus, and Bier Spots
Widened, blocked, or clamped-down vessels producing distinct skin spots
- Venous lakes
- Venous lake on the lip
- Nevus anemicus
- Nevus anemicus on the back
- Nevus anemicus and the pressure test
- More about nevus anemicus
- Angiospastic macules (Bier spots)
- Angiospastic macules (Bier spots) on the forearm
- Bier spots: mechanism and associations
Putting It Together
Recognizing vascular skin patterns and what they can signal
- Quick pattern recognition
- Why this chapter matters
- References
- References (continued 2/8)
- References (continued 3/8)
- References (continued 4/8)
- References (continued 5/8)
- References (continued 6/8)
- References (continued 7/8)
- References (continued 8/8)
- Dermatology, 5th Edition (2-Volume Set)