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Cardiology

Coronary Anatomy, Variants, and Collaterals

Built from Cardiovascular Catheterization and Intervention: A Textbook of Coronary, Peripheral, and Structural Heart Disease

What’s inside

7 sections · 90 slides

  1. 01

    Overview

    • Scope of this topic
    • Abbreviations used throughout

    2 slides

  2. 02

    Normal coronary anatomy

    • Origin and proximal course of the right coronary artery
    • Proximal branches of the right coronary artery
    • Distal right coronary artery and the cardiac crux
    • Coronary dominance
    • Branch of dominance
    • BARI segments of the right coronary artery
    • BARI segments of the dominant right coronary artery
    • Course of the right coronary artery from ostium to crux
    • Origin and division of the left coronary artery
    • Course of the left anterior descending artery
    • Branches of the left anterior descending artery
    • BARI segments of the left anterior descending artery
    • Dual left anterior descending artery, types I to III
    • Dual left anterior descending artery, types IV to VI
    • Course of the left circumflex artery
    • Branches and BARI segments of the left circumflex artery
    • The dominant left circumflex artery
    • BARI segments of the LAD and left circumflex

    18 slides

  3. 03

    Coronary collateral pathways

    • Circle of Vieussens
    • Angiographic pitfalls in demonstrating the conus collateral
    • Conus to left anterior descending collateral
    • Kugel's anastomosis
    • Septal collaterals in chronic total occlusion
    • Epicardial collaterals in right coronary occlusion
    • Epicardial collaterals in LAD and LCx occlusion
    • Collaterals to a chronically occluded right coronary artery

    8 slides

  4. 04

    Anomalous coronary origin

    • Definitions and prevalence of ACAOS
    • Relative frequency of R-ACAOS and L-ACAOS
    • Subtypes of left coronary artery from the right sinus
    • Courses of a left main arising from the right sinus and their angiographic appearance
    • Courses of a left main arising from the right sinus and their angiographic appearance (continued)
    • Anomalous left main from the right sinus on CCTA and angiography
    • Right coronary artery from the left sinus
    • High-risk anatomical features in R-ACAOS
    • Slit-like ostium and acute take-off angle on CCTA
    • Left circumflex arising from the right sinus
    • Angiographic recognition of an anomalous circumflex
    • Anomalous circumflex from the right sinus and its engagement
    • Single coronary artery: Lipton group I
    • Single coronary artery: Lipton groups II and III
    • Associations and risk of single coronary artery
    • Lipton group II single coronary artery

    16 slides

  5. 05

    Diagnosis of anomalous coronary origin

    • Guideline recommendation for imaging an anomalous coronary
    • Role of coronary CT angiography
    • Comparison of CCTA and cardiac magnetic resonance
    • The dot and eye method in the catheterisation laboratory
    • The dot sign on aortography
    • The eye sign on selective angiography
    • Pitfall of the septal course on catheter localisation
    • Anomalous LAD arising alone from the right sinus
    • Anomalous LAD from the non-coronary sinus

    9 slides

  6. 06

    Clinical aspects and management

    • Evidence linking ACAOS to sudden cardiac death
    • Mechanism of ischaemia in the interarterial variant
    • Revised understanding of the compression mechanism
    • Four factors in evaluating a patient with ACAOS
    • Multimodality testing sequence for suspected ischaemia
    • Intravascular ultrasound findings in an intramural segment
    • Physiological thresholds used to judge significance
    • 2018 ACC/AHA recommendations: class 1
    • 2018 ACC/AHA recommendations: class 2a and 2b
    • Surgical repair of anomalous aortic origin
    • Translocation, patch ostioplasty and percutaneous options
    • Surgical translocation and unroofing of anomalous coronary origin
    • IVUS-guided intervention on an intramural anomalous ostium

    13 slides

  7. 07

    Catheter selection for angiography and PCI

    • Catheter selection for the left coronary artery
    • Left coronary engagement from radial access
    • Catheter selection for the right coronary artery
    • Engaging a high anterior right coronary artery
    • Catheters for an anomalous left coronary from the right sinus
    • Catheters for R-ACAOS by ostial position
    • Guide extension catheters and a deep-seating manoeuvre
    • Limitations in current knowledge and technique
    • Special considerations in congenital and structural procedures
    • When the anomalous vessel cannot be found in the laboratory
    • Summary and take-home points
    • References
    • References (continued)
    • References (continued)
    • References (continued)
    • References (continued)
    • Cardiovascular Catheterization and Intervention: A Textbook of Coronary, Peripheral, and Structural Heart Disease
    • Join our WhatsApp groups

    18 slides