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Cardiology

Cardiac Catheterization for the Adult with Complex Congenital Heart Disease

Built from Cardiovascular Catheterization and Intervention: A Textbook of Coronary, Peripheral, and Structural Heart Disease

What’s inside

9 sections · 151 slides

  1. 01

    Introduction and pre-catheterization workup

    • Scope of adult congenital heart disease
    • Operator and centre requirements
    • Sedation and vascular access
    • Ventilation conditions for baseline haemodynamics
    • Anticoagulation and antibiotic prophylaxis

    5 slides

  2. 02

    Haemodynamic assessment

    • Role of oximetry in the congenital study
    • Oxygen content calculation
    • Oxygen step-up thresholds for left-to-right shunt
    • Flow calculations and Flamm's formula
    • From saturations to shunt flow
    • Classification of shunts
    • Bidirectional shunts and pacing lead thrombus risk
    • Atrial pressure waveforms
    • Ventricular and arterial pressure findings
    • Angiographic targets in the congenital study
    • Ventriculography and pulmonary angiography technique
    • Pulmonary wedge angiography and biplane imaging

    12 slides

  3. 03

    Anomalous coronary arteries and coronary fistulae

    • Spectrum of coronary anomalies
    • Anomalous origin of the left circumflex artery
    • Anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery
    • Pathophysiology of ALCAPA
    • Presentation of ALCAPA
    • Angiographic technique in ALCAPA
    • Management principle for coronary anomalies
    • Suggested inventory: anomalous coronary artery study
    • Coronary fistulae: anatomy and drainage
    • Coronary fistula from the left anterior descending artery
    • Clinical consequences of a coronary fistula
    • Management of coronary fistulae
    • Suggested inventory: coronary fistula assessment
    • Myocardial bridging
    • Myocardial bridging of the left anterior descending artery
    • Assessment of a significant myocardial bridge

    16 slides

  4. 04

    Coarctation of the aorta and patent ductus arteriosus

    • Coarctation of the aorta: epidemiology and site
    • Natural history and associated arteriopathy
    • Late outcomes after coarctation repair
    • Collateral circulation in adult coarctation
    • Coarctation of the aorta on CT and invasive aortography
    • Imaging and gradient measurement in coarctation
    • Indications that lower the gradient threshold
    • Catheterization protocol for coarctation
    • Measurement aids and treatment of coarctation
    • Suggested inventory: coarctation catheterization
    • Patent ductus arteriosus: presentation
    • Small and restrictive ducts
    • Route of PDA closure and its contraindication
    • Shunt run and angiography in patent ductus arteriosus
    • Patent ductus arteriosus on descending aortography
    • Suggested inventory: patent ductus arteriosus

    16 slides

  5. 05

    Tetralogy of Fallot and right heart outflow lesions

    • Tetralogy of Fallot: definition
    • Components of early tetralogy repair
    • Catheterization goals after tetralogy repair
    • Angiography after tetralogy repair
    • Coronary assessment before reintervention
    • Pulmonary regurgitation and valve replacement
    • RVOT obstruction: haemodynamic and angiographic findings
    • Grading of pulmonary stenosis by peak gradient
    • Branch pulmonary artery stenosis
    • Assessing significance of branch pulmonary artery stenosis
    • Suggested inventory: branch pulmonary artery work
    • Wires and balloons for branch pulmonary artery work

    12 slides

  6. 06

    Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm

    • Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm: definition and distribution
    • Congenital versus acquired aneurysms
    • Rupture of a sinus of Valsalva aneurysm
    • Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm rupture into the right ventricular outflow tract
    • Imaging and the role of catheterization in SVA
    • Treatment options for sinus of Valsalva aneurysm
    • Antegrade transcatheter SVA closure: setting up
    • Creating the arteriovenous loop
    • Device delivery and release in SVA closure
    • Closing the sinus of Valsalva case
    • Suggested inventory: sinus of Valsalva closure

    11 slides

  7. 07

    Transposition of the great arteries

    • Dextro-transposition of the great arteries
    • Surgical approaches to dextro-transposition
    • Adult problems after arterial switch
    • Adult problems after atrial switch
    • Catheterization of the failing systemic right ventricle
    • Superior baffle angiography
    • Inferior baffle leak on angiography
    • Navigating to the pulmonary artery after atrial switch
    • Bent wire and pulmonary artery catheter path
    • Suggested inventory: transposition catheterization
    • Devices for systemic baffle leak closure
    • Access and imaging for baffle leak closure
    • Baseline study before baffle leak closure
    • Crossing and sizing the baffle leak
    • Balloon sizing of an inferior baffle leak
    • Deploying and releasing the closure device
    • Baffle leak closure with an Amplatzer device
    • Final angiographic views after baffle leak closure
    • Suggested inventory: baffle leak closure
    • Suggested inventory: systemic baffle stenting
    • Access for systemic baffle stenting
    • Baffle stenting: crossing and dilating
    • Stent deployment and haemostasis
    • Recanalization and stenting of an obstructed superior Mustard limb
    • Stent positioning and pacing leads
    • Pulmonary venous baffle obstruction
    • Transbaffle approach to pulmonary venous baffle stenting
    • Transseptal puncture and sheath positioning
    • Crossing and stenting the pulmonary venous baffle
    • Managing the septostomy at the end of the case
    • Pulmonary venous baffle stenting
    • Suggested inventory: pulmonary venous baffle stenting
    • Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries
    • Catheterization indications in cc-TGA
    • Suggested inventory: cc-TGA catheterization
    • Transcatheter edge-to-edge repair in congenital heart disease
    • Platform choice for the systemic AV valve
    • Edge-to-edge repair of the systemic atrioventricular valve in cc-TGA
    • Platform choice for the subpulmonic AV valve
    • Edge-to-edge repair of a common atrioventricular valve
    • Ebstein's anomaly

    41 slides

  8. 08

    Single ventricle physiology and the Fontan circulation

    • Staged palliation to the Fontan circulation
    • Fontan physiology and its pressure requirement
    • Long-term complications of the Fontan circulation
    • Sites of Fontan pathway obstruction
    • Named sites of Fontan pathway obstruction
    • Left innominate vein narrowing
    • Pressure assessment across the Fontan pathway
    • Consequences of venovenous fistulae in Fontan patients
    • Standard Fontan angiograms
    • Fontan and Glenn segment angiography
    • Indications for venovenous collateral closure
    • Suggested inventory: Fontan catheterization
    • Major aortopulmonary collateral arteries
    • Management of aortopulmonary collaterals
    • Angiographic protocol for aortopulmonary collaterals
    • Aortography and selective MAPCA angiography
    • Suggested inventory: aortopulmonary collateral study
    • Interrupted inferior vena cava
    • Interrupted inferior vena cava with azygos continuation

    19 slides

  9. 09

    Pulmonary hypertension and special issues

    • Pulmonary vascular disease in congenital heart disease
    • Pulmonary hypertension in specific ACHD settings
    • Eisenmenger syndrome
    • Sedation and contrast in the cyanotic patient
    • Organisation of adult congenital cardiac care
    • References
    • References (continued)
    • References (continued)
    • Cardiovascular Catheterization and Intervention: A Textbook of Coronary, Peripheral, and Structural Heart Disease
    • Join our WhatsApp groups

    10 slides