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Orthopaedics
Occipitocervical Injuries (AO Based)
Built from AO Surgery Reference: Spine Trauma, Degenerative, Tumors and Deformities (AO Foundation)
What’s inside
1 sections · 112 slides
Overview
- Introduction
- Why the upper cervical spine is different
- Why the upper cervical spine is different
- Surgical anatomy
- Vertebral artery and C2 nerve root
- Vertebral artery and C2 nerve root
- Occipital bone stock for screws
- Occipital bone stock for screws
- Clinical and imaging assessment
- Primary survey and immobilization
- Primary survey and immobilization
- Airway and breathing
- Airway and breathing
- Neurogenic versus hypovolemic shock
- Neurogenic versus hypovolemic shock
- INSCI key muscles and reflexes of the arm
- Sensation, sacral sparing and cranial nerves
- Sensation, sacral sparing and cranial nerves
- Incomplete cord syndromes
- Incomplete cord syndromes
- Plain radiographs of C0–C3
- What the radiographs show
- What the radiographs show
- CT and MRI
- CT and MRI
- AO Spine upper cervical classification
- Principles of the classification
- Injury types as drawn by AO
- Injury types as drawn by AO (cont.)
- Injury types in each region
- Injury types in each region
- Types by region
- Neurology grades
- Case-specific modifiers
- Region I: occipital condyle and C0–C1
- Region I Types A and B
- Region I Types A and B
- Region I Type C: dissociation
- Region I Type C: dissociation
- Region I treatment options
- Region I treatment options
- Region I decision logic
- Region I decision logic
- Region II: C1 ring and C1–C2 joint
- Region II Type A: C1 fracture patterns
- Region II Type A: C1 fracture patterns
- Region II Type B: transverse ligament injury
- Region II Type B: transverse ligament injury
- Region II Type C: C1–C2 translation
- Region II Type C: C1–C2 translation
- Region II Types A and B: options
- Region II Types A and B: options (cont.)
- Region II Type C: options
- Region II Type C: options
- Region II decision logic
- Region II decision logic
- Region III: C2 and C2–C3 joint
- Region III Type A: odontoid and C2 body
- Region III Type A: odontoid and C2 body
- Region III Type A: options
- Region III Type A: options (cont.)
- Region III Types B and C: hangman fracture
- Region III Types B and C: hangman fracture
- Region III Type B: options
- Region III Type B: options (cont.)
- Region III Type C: options
- Region III Type C: options
- Operative techniques
- Prone position for posterior surgery
- Prone position for posterior surgery
- Posterior access to C1–C2
- Posterior access to C1–C2
- Anterior access to C1–C2
- Anterior access to C1–C2
- Halo vest application
- Halo vest application
- Collars and orthoses
- Collars and orthoses
- Occipitocervical fusion
- Occipitocervical fusion
- Occipital condyle screw
- Occipital condyle screw
- C1–C2 fixation: Magerl vs Goel-Harms
- C1–C2 fixation: Magerl vs Goel-Harms
- Posterior C1–C2 transarticular screw
- Posterior C1–C2 transarticular screw
- C1 and C2 screw options
- C1 and C2 screw options
- Bone grafting in C1–C2 fusion
- Bone grafting in C1–C2 fusion
- Anterior odontoid screw
- Anterior odontoid screw
- Odontoid screw: selection and pitfalls
- Odontoid screw: selection and pitfalls
- Direct osteosynthesis of the C2 isthmus
- Direct osteosynthesis of the C2 isthmus
- Anterior C2–C3 discectomy and fusion
- Anterior C2–C3 discectomy and fusion
- Posterior C2–C3 and C1–C3 fusion
- Posterior C2–C3 and C1–C3 fusion
- Aftercare and complications
- Postoperative aftercare
- Complications and their prevention
- Take-home messages
- References (1 of 7)
- References (2 of 7)
- References (3 of 7)
- References (4 of 7)
- References (5 of 7)
- References (6 of 7)
- References (7 of 7)
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